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1.
Int. j. high dilution res ; 21(1): 29-30, May 6, 2022.
Article in English | LILACS, HomeoIndex | ID: biblio-1396556

ABSTRACT

Theliteratureassociatesoxidativestresswiththeproductionoffreeradicals,whichleadtoneurodegeneration.Theypresentinnumerablehypotheses,amongwhichareabnormalitiesinthefunctioningofthehypothalamic-pituitary-adrenalaxis,neurotoxiceffectsandneuronaloxidativedamage.ClinicalobservationhasshownthatinneurodegenerativediseasessuchasMultipleSclerosis(MS)andAmyotrophicLateralSclerosis(ALS)thereisareportofprolonged or violent emotionalstressprecedingthesymptoms.Aims:UsingtheCarilloComplexSystemsModel,presentsomepossibilitiesonhowstresscancontributetoneurodegeneration.Methodology:NinecasesofALSandsixcasesofMSwereevaluated,pathologiesalreadyclassifiedasbelongingtosyphilinism.Literaturereviewonstressandneurotoxicitycarriedout.Resultsanddiscussion:Syphilinism is instability with a predominantly intrinsicorigin to the system with a chronic caracter.This diathesis is characterized by a dissipative deficiency, predominantly hepatic, to the processing of certain elements or potentially toxic substances with exogenous origin or endogenous Such non-processed substances are unstable factors in the system, with greater affinity for certain tissues,like the nervous system. Among the toxins, we find alcohol, esters, formaldehyde, aloe, ketones, aldehydes, etc. The final hepatic metabolism of cortisol results in cortic acids and cortol, which use the same enzymatic system as alcohol, and can be considered syphilinic toxins. Ethanol can act directly at the circadian rhythm, disrupting it and generating stressful substances such as cortisol, regardless of an external event, increasing the toxin level. The inflammatory process generated by the production of free radicals and metabolic abnormalities, including the reduction of neuropeptide Y that modulates inflammatory activity in the nervous system, leads to changes that can result in neurodegeneration. Conclusion: Inflammation caused by toxins from prolonged/violent emotional stress can lead to several changes in syphilinic individuals, due to failure in the dissipative process, including neurodegeneration.


Subject(s)
Stress, Psychological/complications , Syphilinism in Homeopathy , Neurodegenerative Diseases/prevention & control , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/therapy
4.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 48(3): 11-15, jul.-set. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-658449

ABSTRACT

A doença de Wilson (DW) é uma doença genética, autossômica recessiva, causada por mutações no gene ATP7B que atua na excreção biliar do cobre. A falência desta via provoca alterações no metabolismo do cobre no organismo pelo comprometimento da síntese de ceruloplasmina, provocando a deposição do metal em vários locais do organismo principalmente, fígado, cérebro, córnea e rins. O paciente como consequência pode apresentar manifestações neurológicas, psiquiátricas, hepáticas e de outros sistemas. O presente relato visa mostrar a avaliação fonoaudiológica e descrever a disartria em paciente com DW, que apresentou os primeiros sinais da doença com quadro súbito de catatonia, algia em membros superiores e inferiores, seguidos por alteração da fala, marcha e deglutição.A avaliação fonoaudiológica da articulação constou das cinco bases motoras da fala. Foi utilizado também o exame tempo máximo fonatório (TMF), visando avaliar o fluxo aéreo, a musculatura laríngea, a eficiência glótica e o suporte respiratório para a fala. Utilizou-se também a avaliação e inspeção da musculatura orofacial. Foram detectadas as seguintes alterações nas bases motoras da fala: articulação: alteração da extensão na produção de fonemas; precisão de vogais; extensão da frase; respiração: alteração na coordenação pneumofonoarticulatória; ressonância: nasalidade; fonação: alteração do fluxo aéreo e da musculatura laríngea; comprometimento do suporte respiratório e travamento articulatório; prosódia: alteração na velocidade da leitura de textos, entonação e marcação de prosódica de sílaba tônica.Acredita-se que o processo de terapia para disartria deve ser intensivo, onde se conclui que os benefícios do acompanhamento fonoaudiológico têm relação direta com frequência e o tempo da realização dos mesmos.


Wilson´s disease (DW) is a genetic, recessive autosomal disease, caused by mutations of the ATP7B gene that acts in the biliary excretion ofcopper. The failure of this pathway causes changes of copper metabolism in the organism by impairing the ceruloplasmin synthesis, and leadingto deposition of the metal in various sites of the organism, mainly liver, brain, cornea and kidneys. The patient, as a consequence, can presentneurological, psychiatric, hepatic manifestations, as well as of other systems.The present report aims at showing the phonoaudiological evaluation and to describe the dysartria in a patient with WD who displayed the first signs of the illness with sudden catatonia and pain in the superior and inferior limbs, and changes of speech, gait and swallowing.The phonoaudiological evaluation included the five motor bases of speech. The examination of the maximum phonatory time (MPT) was also used to evaluate the aerial flow, the laryngeal muscle, the glottic efficiency, and the respiratory support of speech. The evaluation of orofacial muscle was also accomplished. The following changes in the motor bases of speech were detected - articulation: extension in the production of phonems, precision of vowels, extension of the phrase; breath: changes in the pneumophonoarticulatory coordination,; resonance: nasality; phonation: changes of the aerial flow and of the laryngeal muscle; respiratory support for speech prosody: changes in the speed of the reading texts, tune and marking of tonic syllable prosody.It is believed that the therapeutic process for dysartria must be intensive, and the benefits of phonoaudiological follow-up bears a direct relation with the frequency and time of its accomplishment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Dysarthria/diagnosis , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences/methods , Hepatolenticular Degeneration/diagnosis , Hepatolenticular Degeneration/therapy , Speech Disorders , Speech Therapy , Dysarthria/therapy
7.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 45(4): 17-24, out.-dez. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-536555

ABSTRACT

A doença de Parkinson é caracterizada por distúrbios do movimento que pode levar ao comprometimento da articulação, da voz e da deglutição em alguma fase da doença. O objetivo deste trabalho é traçar o perfil clínico epidemiológico de 32 pacientes no período de 2007/2008, mostrar a avaliação fonoaudiológica utilizada no Setor de Fonoaudiologia do INDC/UFRJ, apresentar técnicas fonoaudiológicas tradicionais aos profissionais da área da fonoaudiologia que desejam atuar na doença, para possibilitar a intervenção adequada dos distúrbios da comunicação e deglutição de pacientes com doença de Parkinson. Foram selecionados 32 pacientes do Ambulatório de Distúrbios do Movimento do INDC/UFRJ com diagnóstico de doença de Parkinson, avaliados segundo a escala Hoehn & Yahr (estágio II), com queixas relativas à articulação da palavra, da fonação e da deglutição e encaminhados ao setor de fonoaudiologia para a devida avaliação. Foi aplicado mensalmente, em todos os pacientes, o exame do tempo máximo fonatório (TMF) por um período de 1 ano, avaliando coaptação de pregas vocais, dinâmica respiratória, equilíbrio da força aerodinâmica e mioelástica da laringe. Entre os pacientes detectou-se: sexo masculino (24/75%), feminino (8/25%), brancos (15/47%), pardos (14/44%), negros (3/9%), média de idade no início da doença de 55 anos e na avaliação fonoaudiológica de 75 anos, iniciando com tremor em mãos (24/75%), voz rouca (26/81%), disartria (23/72%), disfagia (11/34%), reflexos protetivos presentes: tosse (31/96%), pigarreio (32/100%), anosmia (30/ 93%), hiposmia (2/7%). No tempo máximo fonatório, o maior percentual de alteração foi em eficiência glótica (31/96%) e o menor na hipercontração das pregas vocais (4/1%).A aplicação de técnicas fonoaudiológicas relativas aos distúrbios da comunicação e da deglutição do paciente com doença de Parkinson noSetor de Fonoaudiologia do INDC/UFRJ, vem sendo importante para a formulação de protocolos que permitam...


Parkinson´s disease is characterized by movement disorders which can lead to impairment of articulation, voice and swallowing in some phaseof the disease. The objective of this work is to trace the clinical epidemiological profile of 32 patients in the period of 2007/2008, to show the phonoaudiological assessment of the Speech Therapy Unit of INDC/UFRJ, to present traditional speech therapy techniques to theprofessionals of the area of the speech therapy that wish to act on the illness, to make possible the proper intervention on the communicationand deglutition disorders of the patient with Parkinsonïs disease.Thirty two patients of the clinic of movement disorders of the INDC/UFRJ with diagnosis of Parkinsonïs disease have been selected, with Hoehn & Yahr stage II, with complaints of word articulation, phonation and swallowing, and referred to the unit of speech therapy for specific assessment. The examination of the maximum phonation time (MFT) was applied monthly in all patients for a period of 1 year, evaluating the coaptation of the vocal folds, respiratory dynamics, and aerodynamic and myoelastic force balance of the larynx. Among the 32 patients was found: male (24/75%), female (8/25%), whites (15/47%), browns (14/44%), blacks (3/9%), mean age at onset of the disease 55 years, mean age in the evaluation of speech and swallowing 75 years, starting with hand tremor (24/75%), hoarse voice (26/81%), dysarthria (23/72%), dysphagia (11/34%), presence of protective reflexes: cough (31/96%), hawking (32/100%), anosmia (30/93%), hyposmia (2/7%). In maximum phonation time, the greatest percentage of change was in glottal efficiency (31/96%), and lowest in hypercontraction of the vocal folds (4/12%).The application of speech and swallowing techniques evaluation related to communication and swallowing disorders in patients with Parkinson?s disease in the Speech Therapy Unit of INDC/UFRJ, has been important for the formulation of protocols to permit...


Subject(s)
Humans , Speech Disorders/rehabilitation , Parkinson Disease/complications , Language Therapy , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences
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